Polysemy
Polysemy
is the condition of a single lexical item having multiple meaning.
Polysemy is the ability of words to have more than one
meaning.
Polysemy or "many meaning" is the name
given to this phenomenon, which is not necessarily restricted only to words,
but can also be found in morphemes and phrases.
When
a word or phrase has several meanings, you can describe that word as
polysemous. One word that’s famously polysemous is “bank”.
A polyseme the phenomenon of
having or being open to several or many meanings. When a word has several very
closely related senses or meanings. Polysemous word is a word having two or
more meanings. For example, foot in : - He hurt his foot ; - She stood at the
foot of the stairs.
Two
Approaches Of Polysemy
Polysemy
in diachronic terms implies that a
word may retain its previous meaning and at the same time acquire one or
several new ones. The main question of diachronic approach is which meaning
came first, e.g. table, n. ‘a flat slab of stone or wood’ (primary
meaning); ‘a piece of furniture’, ‘the food put on the table’, ‘people seated at
a table’ (secondary meanings).
Synchronically
polysemy is understood as
co-existence of various meanings of the same word at a certain historical
period and the arrangement of these meanings in the semantic structure of a
word. Synchronic typology of meaning is concerned with the opposition of main
and derived meanings.
Examples:
Man
1. The human species
(i.e., man vs. animal)
2. Males of the human
species (i.e., man vs. woman)
3. Adult males of the
human species (i.e., man vs. boy)
Mole
1. a small burrowing
mammal
2. consequently, there are
several different entities called moles
Newspaper
1. a company that
publishes written news.
2. a single physical item
published by the company.
3. the newspaper as an
edited work in a specific format (e.g. "They changed the layout of the
newspaper's front page").
Wood
1. a piece of a tree
2. a geographical area
with many trees
Crane
1. a bird
2. a type of construction
equipment
3. to strain out one's
neck
References
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